The vessel CMA CGM ZHENG HE (IMO: 9706906, MMSI 215199000) is a Container Ship built in 2015 (6 years old) and currently sailing under the flag of Malta. Information. Bombay 16. Extant records show that another 48 were ordered in 1408, plus 41 more in 1419, along with 185 smaller ships throughout that time. Between 1405 and 1433, Ming China sent out enormous armadas of ships into the Indian Ocean, commanded by the eunuch admiral Zheng He. Basra 15. Several timbers would have to be joined together vertically. [20], According to Luo Maodeng [zh]'s novel Sanbao Taijian Xia Xiyang Ji Tongsu Yanyi (1597), the treasure fleet consisted of several distinct classes of ships:[17], Edward L. Dreyer claims that Luo Maodeng's novel is unsuitable as historical evidence. And this was on 26 Muharram in the year 822 [March 19, 1419]. [17] The novel contains a number of fantasy element; for example the ships were "constructed with divine help by the immortal Lu Ban". Zheng He's Smaller Ships Along with dozens of baoshan, each armada included hundreds of smaller ships. Xin Yuan'ou, professor of the history of science at Shanghai Jiaotong University, argued that Zheng He’s ships could not have been as large as recorded in the History of Ming. The eight-masted ships, called "machuan" or "horse ships," were about 2/3 the size of the baoshan measuring approximately 340 feet by 138 feet. Treasure ships were considered luxury ships rather than warships. The next ships in descending order of size were the "zuochuan," or troopships, at 220 by 84 feet with each transport ship having six masts. As such, they lacked the fuchuan's raised platforms or extended planks used for battle.[36]. A report came from Mecca the Honored that a number of junks had come from China to the seaports of India, and two of them had anchored in the port of Aden, but their goods, chinaware, silk, musk, and the like, were not disposed of there because of the disorder of the state of Yemen. When he arrives at the guesthouse where he is to stay, they set up their lances on each side of the gate, and mount guard throughout his visit.Among the inhabitants of China there are those who own numerous ships, on which they send their agents to foreign places. On the way back to China, laden with tribute and envoys, the Treasure Fleet confronted the pirate Chen Zuyi at Palembang, Indonesia. When these walls have thus been built, the lower deck is fitted in, and the ship is launched before the upper works are finished.The pieces of wood, and those parts of the hull, near the water (-line) serve for the crew to wash and to accomplish their natural necessities.On the sides of these pieces of wood also the oars are found; they are as big as masts, and are worked by 10 to 15 men (each), who row standing up.The vessels have four decks, upon which there are cabins and saloons for merchants. For I tell you that they take lime, and hemp chopped small, and they pound it all together, mixed with an oil from a tree. The number 4 was an auspicious association for treasure ships. According to the Guoque [zh] (1658), the first voyage consisted of 63 treasure ships crewed by 27,870 men. Each had nine masts on its deck, rigged with square sails that could be adjusted in series to maximize efficiency in different wind conditions. Admiral Zheng He (aka Cheng Ho, c. 1371-1433 CE) was a Chinese Muslim eunuch explorer who was sent by the Ming dynasty emperor Yongle (r. 1403-1424 CE) on seven diplomatic missions to increase trade and secure tribute from foreign powers. Mamluk historian Ibn Taghribirdi (1411-1470) writes: Shawwāl 22 [21 June A.D. 1432]. No evidence that China had the type of joining materials necessary to accomplish these tasks. [7] The Jinghai Temple inscription gave the ship dimensions in 1409 as 1500 liao (375 tons). Finally, the small, five-masted warships or "zhanchuan," each about 165 feet long, were designed to be maneuverable in battle. Though tiny compared with the baochuan, the zhanchuan were more than twice as long as Christopher Columbus's flagship, the Santa Maria. It's impressive as a feat of littoral-water naval architecture. About 80 years before Columbus, Zheng He conducted a 27-year voyage of discovery. And then the sailors find out where the ship is staved, and then the hold which answers to the break is emptied into others, for the water cannot pass from one hold to another, so strongly are they shut in; and then they repair the ship there, and put back there the goods which had been taken out.They are indeed nailed in such a way; for they are all lined, that is, that they have two boards above the other.And the boards of the ship, inside and outside, are thus fitted together, that is, they are, in the common speech of our sailors, caulked both outside and inside, and they are well nailed inside and outside with iron pins. [8], According to the Liujiagang and Changle Inscriptions, the seventh voyage had "more than a hundred large ships".[8]. Sri Lanka 17. As a single tree trunk would not be large enough in diameter to support such mast, multiple timbers would need to be combined at the base as well. The author writes that the ships had nine masts and measured 460 feet long and 180 feet wide. Hamburg 2. There seems to be disagreement among scholars about the factual accuracy and correct interpretation of accounts of the treasure ship. A ship of these dimensions would need masts that were 100 metres tall. Interesting Naval History About 80 years before Columbus, Zheng He conducted a 27-year voyage of discovery. Zheng He’s armada of 317 ships ranked as the largest in the world until modern times. The Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of an amazing 62 or 63 such ships for Zheng He's first voyage, in 1405. And they travelled in the company of Qādi Wajīh al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Rahman b. Jumay out of the sheltered harbour of Aden in the month of Safar of the year 822 [March 1419].[9]. Some of the ships in the treasure fleet, but not the treasure ships, were built in Fujian, where the chi was 10.4 to 11 inches. Zheng He or Ma He (Chinese 郑和; 1371–1433) was an explorer, diplomat, and admiral from China.He lived during the Ming Dynasty.Zheng He was the leader of a very large fleet of ships that traveled all over the Indian Ocean and Southwest Asia.Zheng He was an eunuch of China's Imperial Court.The fleet that Zheng He commanded had 317 ships that were very large. Vol. According to Chinese sources Zheng He commanded 70 fleets with 300 ships or more and a 30,000 strong crew. It often happens that a man can be in his cabin without others on board realising it, and they do not see him until the vessel has arrived in some port.The sailors also have their children in such cabins; and (in some parts of the ship) they sow garden herbs, vegetables, and ginger in wooden tubs.The Commander of such a vessel is a great Emir; when he lands, the archers and the Ethiops march before him bearing javelins and swords, with drums beating and trumpets blowing. Incredibly, the largest ships in the fleet (called "baoshan," or "treasure ships") were likely between 440 and 538 feet long by 210 feet wide. It is probable that the actual size of the ships was smaller, since in later historical periods wooden ships approaching this size (such as HMS Orlando) were unwieldy and visibly undulated with the waves, even … Cape Town 9. The most contemporary non-Chinese record of the expeditions is an untitled and anonymous annalistic account of the then-ruling Rasūlid dynasty of Yemen, compiled in the years 1439-1440. [15], People sail on the China seas only in Chinese ships, so let us mention the order observed upon them.There are three kinds: the greatest is called 'jonouq', or, in the singular, 'jonq' (certainly chuan); the middling sized is a 'zaw' (probably sao); and the least a 'kakam'.A single one of the greater ships carries 12 sails, and the smaller ones only three. The Yangtze River, with its calmer waters, may have been navigable for such large but unseaworthy ships. For nowhere in the world are there to be found people richer than the Chinese. [38] A new date of completion was set for 2013;[39] when this dateline failed to be met in 2014, the project was put on hold indefinitely. This means the Curiosity-class has been in service for at least 9 years; Rios left Starfleet in 2390, nearly a decade before Star Trek: Picard 's main story set in 2399. As indicated by the name, the machuan carried horses along with timber for repairs and tribute goods. [4] Xin’s main reasons for concluding that the ships could not have been this size are: From the comments of modern scholars on Medieval Chinese accounts and reports, it is apparent that a ship had a natural limit to her size, going beyond, would have made her structurally unsafe as well as causing a considerable loss of manoeuvrability, something the Spanish Armada ships famously experienced. (The merchants) take with them their wives and concubines. ): Zheng He - Images & Perceptions. [18], On 1 March 1404, 50 "seagoing ships" were ordered from the Capital Guards. [1] Historians such as Edward L. Dreyer are in broad agreement with Needham's views. Following Zheng He’s death, the Xuande emperor moved to isolate China and banned all further expeditions. Search Vessels & … Historical records from the Ming dynasty say that Zheng He’s treasure ships were amazingly large —447 feet (136 m) long and 183 feet (56 m) wide. Some of the drydocks at Longjiang Shipyard at Nanjing—known informally as the Treasure Ship Yard—were 27 to 36 m (90 to 120 feet) wide. With the benefit of modern technology it would be difficult to manufacture a wooden ship of 10,000 tons, let alone one that was 1.5-2 times that size. Reykjavik 5. The USS Zheng He was a 24th century Federation Inquiry -class starship operated by Starfleet. He led 7 voyages. The vessel is en route to the port of Rotterdam, and expected to arrive there on Jan 5, 18:00.. Zheng He's Smaller Ships Along with dozens of baoshan, each armada included hundreds of smaller ships. Dionisius A. Agius (2008) estimated a size of 200-250 ft and maximum weight of 700 tons. Zheng He from 1405 to 1433 made 7 voyages with over 1000 soldiers and crew to India and Africa. Liangchuan was about 257 feet by 115 feet in size. All of Zheng He’s ships were destroyed along with most of the records of the seven voyages. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Photo of CMA CGM ZHENG HE (Container ship, IMO: 9706906, MMSI: 215199000, Callsign: 9HA5009, Flag: Malta, Photo-ID: 3076037) taken by PW1304. [40], Large wooden vessel commanded by the Chinese admiral Zheng He, "Baochuan" redirects here. Mogadishu 11. ISBN 3-447-05114-0 ISSN 0945-9286. [25], The inscription on the tomb of Hong Bao, an official in Zheng He's fleet, mentions the construction of a 5,000 liao displacement ship,[26] and taking the liao to be 500 lbs,[27] that would be 1,250 tons displacement or around 750 tons burden. Lars Plougmann 12y. His Majesty, the Sultan al-Malik al-Nāsiṛ’s in the Protected Dār al-Jund send the victorious al-Mahaṭṭa to accept the brilliant gifts of the ruler of China. Back when he was in Starfleet, Chris Rios served on the U.S.S. A description of them appears in adventure novel by Luo Maodeng, The Three-Treasure Eunuch’s Travels to the Western Ocean (1597). [30], A 71.1-metre (233.3 ft) copy of a treasure ship was announced in 2006 to be completed in time for the 2008 Olympic Games. Oslo 3. Traditional and popular accounts of Zheng He's voyages have described a great fleet of gigantic ships far larger than any other wooden ships in history. [21], According to the History of Ming (Ming shi - 明史), completed in 1739, the treasure ships were 44 zhang, 4 chi, i.e. Zheng He Treasure ship model. Aden 12. [5], The Xingcha Shenglan states that the fourth voyage consisted of 63 treasure ships crewed by 27,670 men. This is the only contemporary account containing references to both treasure ships and a specific place of construction. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Sizes According to Ming Chinese Measurements. Zheng He would not have had the privilege in rank to command the largest of these ships. It was only when ships began to be built of iron in the 1860s that they could exceed 10,000 tons. Dakar 6. Drastically changing the face of Indian Ocean trade and power, these fleets embarked on seven epic voyages under Zheng He's guidance, resulting in a rapid expansion of Ming China's control in the region, but also of their struggle to maintain it in years to come due to the financial burden of such endeavors. The replica of his flagship was closed for the winter when I was there. Zheng He. One English foot is equivalent to 30.48 centimeters. [10], Niccolò de' Conti (c. 1395–1469), a contemporary of Zheng He, was also an eyewitness of Chinese ships in Southeast Asia, claiming to have seen five-masted junks of about 2000 tons* burthen:[11], They doe make bigger Shippes than wee do, that is to say, of 2000 tons, with five sayles, and so many mastes'. And he entertained him and settled him in the guesthouse. Though accounts vary, the sea battle in which Zheng’s ship (or ships) were lost did not start well for the adventurer. A Chinese treasure ship (Chinese: 寶船/宝船; pinyin: bǎochuán) was a type of large wooden ship in the fleet of admiral Zheng He, who led seven voyages during the early 15th-century Ming dynasty. The Ministry of Works used a chi of 12.1 inches while the Jiangsu builders used a chi of 13.3 inches. It has been widely said dimensions of this rudderpost corresponds with a ship of between 538 and 600 feet in length,[17] lending credence to the notion that ships of these dimensions were indeed built. The Chinese Treasure Ship was a large wooden ship in the fleet of Admiral Zheng He, during the early 15 th century Ming Dynasty. In 1405, on his first journey, the fleet consisted of 317 ships. [35], The keel consisted of wooden beams bound together with iron hoops. In addition, in the contemporary account of Zheng He's 7th voyage by Gong Zhen, he said it took 200 to 300 men to handle Zheng He's ships. Treasure ships also had 24 cast-bronze cannons with a maximum range of 240 to 275 m (800–900 feet). Suez 13. The 3 contemporary accounts of Zheng He's voyages do not have the ship dimensions. The Zheng He was a successor in its name after a previous USS Zheng He in the 22nd and 23rd century. Luanda 8. Sally K.Church: The Colossal Ships of Zheng He - Image or Reality? Roderich Ptak, Thomas Höllmann. In addition, they had to make space for the emissaries, tribute goods and wild animals that went back to China. In stormy weather, holes in the prow would partially fill with water when the ship pitched forward, thus lessening the violent turbulence caused by waves. The sails of these vessels are made of strips of bamboo, woven into the form of matting. The most grandiose claims for Zheng He's 1405 fleet are entirely based on a calculation derived from an account written three centuries later and were accepted as fact by one modern writer but rejected by most naval experts: The 4-decked baoshan had an estimated displacement of 20-30,000 tons, roughly 1/3 to 1/2 the displacement of modern American aircraft carriers. Riker's new ship is the USS Zheng He.The ship is named after a 15th-century Chinese explorer.
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