GoochesVFD said that there was some cracking around the base of the long 2 X 4 used as the drop channel. Once they are pulled, they do not interfere with the motion of the arm. Approx. Make sure that there are no cracking noises or flexing from the joint. After looking at the dozens of picture I took, It should be pretty easy to figure out how to put everything together. Could be built in probably a few weekends. .and several of the bolts for the 5/8" threaded rod. 1. cut off about 8 inches from the leg of the jeans. Best catapult ever (98 ft) Load more 3D Printer Info. Advertisement By: Nathan Chandler Floating bridges are uncommon in large part because the kinds of situations and environmental criteria for them are unusual. And it is constructed with 1 X 6s Spread them out evenly and make sure none of the holes go through the bolt holes. Now comes the moment of truth. Share it with us! 6 segments of 2 ft., 5 in. Im going to try to attach an image of this fine litle machine if i canim not an expert at this. Male sure you always do these cuts on the same side. WebThe 5DOF Floating Arm Trebuchet This is the floating arm trebuchet with a sling. On the fraying edges, use only one strip and fold it over. 4.5 6 Attach the sling pouch to the arm. I'm nearly done with the trebuchet but I'm having trouble understanding the sling. Once everything is square, true, straight aligned or whatever you feel like saying, We can put this beast together. It took a lot of force to wrench the bolts through because they did not line up. Fill the bucket with rocks or heavy pieces of metal. [5] Friction of the wheel on the arm axle against the glide track should be managed in a similar way. 2. Ok, so this is what the entire bulk of the trebuchet rests on. It's 6 feet long and 2 feet wide. And it is constructed with 1 X 6s That's its fa erm Thorsen said: boohbah said: unfortunately lordbob is no longer with us , he suffered a fatal blow to the temple from a golf ball. So, cut the first twisting brace, on the very front, as wide or narrow as you need it to keep the drop channels straight. Now comes the fun part. 7 years ago And back up at least 20 feet when firing (The sides are safest) I had no idea what the problem was at first. speed square The walking arm trebuchet is a good example, which uses an unconventional design to great effect. Can the trebuchet launch a 6-lb shot? Punch two holes. I'm using this kind of trebuchet for an assignment, and the ratio of our weight to out projectile is about 1:200. would this kind of trebuchet be better in this case than a traditional trebuchet? look out for flying cats The idea of inserting a trebuchet into the dynamics Tie the each end of the four foot piece to one of the trigger pins. 9 years ago Do you have the plans for this small one or pictures from different angles and aprox heights? Line them up carefully and bolt through the arm with carriage bolts to hold them together. 5. Place the weights in the box and screw on the top. we didn't use a simulator for the motion. Grab your nylon rope and cut 4 feet off the end. 8. Awesome! You want to keep the width relatively narrow, but wide enough to accommodate whatever projectiles you plan to use. I haven't noticed any cracking with a 1 pound weight being fired at full speed, but a 6 lb weight will exert much more force on the arm because of its higher inertia.. Make sure the washers do not interfere with the drop channel. 9 years ago If you need to beef things up, like the counterweight bolt and wheels, it might cost more. This step is fairly simple. Basically make a box that can contain your counterweights, whatever they are. For the arm assembly Harmonic balancers work well for wheels, and can be pulled from a V8 engine at a junkyard. For trebuchets in general a mass ratio of between 80:1 to 160:1 can be used. these are the trigger pinsWheels, weights A wide chisel would also work. Remember, if you make your drop channel wider for a wider CW bolt, You may need to cut the washers down even more and move the bolts farther to the outside. Circuits | Floating Arm Trebuchet : 7 Steps (with Pictures) - Instructables yes, it works Ok, now to attach the drop channels. From this side, measure 2.5 feet (2 ft, 6 inches) from one end of the tracks. Mark this height. (2.54 cm.) Drive 2 screws through the drop channels and into the supports. 5. Beside the arm when it's at rest, these two channels are the tallest point of the trebuchet. When you look at the picture, they are the big, tal They should come out easily if they were cut narrowly enough. Just find a pair of old jeans I would probably actually be dead. As far as we know, its the largest floating arm ever built by youths, and the largest wooden floating arm trebuchet in existance.The arm is 18 feet long, we use a 1.5 inch steel bar, and can load it up to about 800 pounds. hacksaw if you don't have a METAL CUTTING BLADE FOR YOUR JIGSAW, Again, make sure the 5/8" bolt can easily fall from the very top of the drop channels all the way to the bottom of the drop channels. Tighten the bolt as much as you can. Unless one eye bolt cannot support the weight, relax. So, if you want them to be the same height, you may need to change the angles or the lengths mentioned here. 8. Yeah, this happened to me. They have cutouts on them so that they can be screwed directly onto the base with their 2 ft. long edge flush with the outside 2 ft. edge of the short 1 X 6. This was done with the safety bars in place, as well as the chain clicked into the trigger. Finally, put a nut and washer on the outside bits of the bolt that protrude from the tracks. Webconfigurations for the trebuchet: 1. Mark the line directly across the flat face of the track, perpendicular to the long edge. 15 in. Need some advice please. -----------(pouch)----------- One end is tied through a hole that's drilled in the end of the arm. The frame is made of 4x4 held together with deck screws and carriage bolts, and our design allowed for the frame to be removed from the base with bolts only. The weight bar was 1.5" diameter, AISI 4140 cold drawn (probably overkill) and the axles were 1.2" diameter, AISI 1020 CD. Cut the threads off of the long eye bolts. 10. This is the only part of the trebcuhet that can vary a lot. You will need the denim and the monkey-  no, sorry, gorilla tape. You also nee Really, be careful. 10 years ago The trigger will be added later. Yes i am proud to be Our arm was made of many pieces of layered plywood held together with resin and deck screws. denim fabric Trebuchet. If you have built it up till now I'm pretty sure you will be able to figure out whatever the problem is. wood screws, phillips head drive, #8 This is the pin. Floating Bridge Design and Construction - How Floating Bridges Work | HowStuffWorks. Tie a figure 8 knot. This, in turn, changes the width of the drop channels to narrow (BAD) or widen (usually better). That is to say, you should make sure your drop towers reach the full length of the 80 meter height. It includes what I used at the time. Use three screws in every place that the diagonal touches the track or support. Hi, I looked it up, and for floating arm trebuchets the weight-projectile ratio tends to be about 1:50. 3 3 in. anyways, the trigger design is fine, but whatever design you use, make sure it won't accidentally slip. Cut through here. 2 segments of 2 ft (0.6096 m) 1 X 6 Now, measure that same distance on the base. In this high-efficiency design, the counterweight is constrained by a track to fall straight down. Position yourself diagonally to the front of the trebuchet. long carriage bolts These are the 2 2 ft. long 2 X 4s. You also might want to improve the pin system-at least make sure your pin is smooth. Now we're finally going to add the last few lateral supports and the guide wheel. diameter threaded rod, coarse thread Or you could use the angles I give you. This one is pretty bad. Short sides of the base This will take more weight off of the long arm, which should be as light as possible. Documentation. The base is finished. The key ratio of an arm is anywere between 3:1 and 5:1. I did not have a drill bit long enough to go through all of the 2 x 4s of the short arm, so I had to drill individual holes in each individual 2 X 4 and hoped that they lined up. Drill holes every 6 inches into the mitered pieces deep enough so that the wood screws can penetrate the drop guides itself. Ask me if you have a question. I had to add them later. Thats a bit longer than 7 feet because i rounded 7 4.5 up, it was really 1.55555555 Lean the supports in towards the drop channel as they go up so they don't slip out. 5. Otherwise, the washers in between the CW box and the channel will be smooshed up against the drop channel, creating friction, which is bad. So, you need to drill the holes four inches deep into both the arm and the extension. They are basically the same things as the 2 x 6 diagonals except they are 2 X 4 and they have more half-laps cut in them. Posts : 9,606. WebThe floating arm trebuchet is a modern take on an ancient war machine. Additionally, the bending of the CW bolt meant that it was not perfectly aligned with the drop gap, so it would slow down and bump on the way down. I really appreciate your work in building this instructable. I have included a link to a hack-up vid I made on youtube in case you're interested. 10 1/4 in. The ball did slip out a few times. Approx 25 ft. (7.62 m)1/2 braided nylon rope Again, cutting these pieces shorter will narrow the track and cutting them longer will widen it. these will be used in the trigger This time, It's half the depth of 1 2 x 4, which is 0.75 (3/4) inches. It worked fine for me, though. Also, if I mention anything else in the instructable that I didn't mention here, let me know.Materials 17. WebStep 2: Prepare the Arm. Make sure that the washer in between the CW box and the drop channel is not caught on the bolts protruding from the eye bolts (Trigger pin holder.. things) Make sure it will be able to fall freely, But do not remove the safety yet. 24 5/8 in. The chain was then loosened again, the weights removed, and the arm cocked and locked with the safety bars again, and the cycle repeats.We chose to paint our trebuchet and stencil our school logo onto it, but this is just for looks.IMPORTANT: Safety is crucial when firing trebuchets. Additionally, I would make the arm as long as possible as well. Clamp the beam and let it dry, allowing the appropriate time for curing (follow resin instructions). We actually did not have motion software, we just looked at lots of YouTube videos. WebThere are no really detailed descriptions of medieval or earlier trebuchets that give, for example, the dimensions or shape of the beam, the ratio of its long arm to its short arm, and so on. Push them up against the drop channel. Today we have a look at a modern design for a Trebuchet that still works with Medieval Engineers parts.. The CW bolt MUSTbe made thicker and stronger, otherwise it will bend and cause problems. ) Make sure everyone knows you are firing. Again, make sure a 5/8" bolt can easily fall through. Ok, find a flat surface and 3 scrap pieces of 2 X 4. The other end should be open. This list of materials is copied directly from my science fair project. The lateral diagonals keep the track supports from moving in or out, but the tracks will still pivot around the supports. Then very carefully you will have to put in the safety blocks again and reset the trigger. claw hammer Webtwice the ratio of the CW to projectile masses times the distance that the CW falls. It will prevent frame strikes, jams and other problems later on. The radios of rail height/overall drop, arm length, counterweight/projectile weight, wheel size, etc were all guessed based off existing trebuchets from internet sources. Cut a piece of steel pipe for an insert and place it at the center of each form, then pour the concrete. ALSO, the base boards (I used 1 X 6) should be thickened. The placement of these pieces is shown in the sixth picture. (KE = .5*GPE, so .5mv^2=.5mgh) Solve for the velocity. As I said before, the longer diagonal support will be on the side of the drop channel that is farther away from the end of the tracks. Even though IT'S VERY DANGEROUS IF YOU DO IT INCORRECTLY!!) He can back away. Upon releasing the trigger, the counterweight is allowed to drop through the channel. This is the only part of the trebcuhet that can vary a lot. The arm wasn't too hard to extend, BUT whatever you use to join the parts MUST be strong enough. Basically, THE CW BOLT MUST BE MADE STRONGER!! 6 1/4 in. The arm slowed down a lot, and the ball spit out the back. I've made the pouch and strung one side through but from then on I'm lost. diagrams showing the medieval trebuchet design vs. the modern floating arm trebuchet, and brings in the relevant math as well. This variation features a drop channel, which allows the counterweight to fall straight down rather than Tilt the diagonal slowly over to the drop channel, keeping the bottom corner on the base and next to the bending brace. Hey I just made that up right now. Thank you for your generous gift to the DIY community. I am making one for a school project and hope to have it done in a week or so. WebLaser Cut Desktop Trebuchet. Try to make it as flat and planar as possible, as this will minimize the need for adjustments later. on Introduction, hey I'm a physics student trying to replicate your design. Now, cut very carefully and very straightly down the lines you made. One thick nail. Position them in between the two main track supports and trace a line as best as you can along where they overlap; this is where you will cut the half-lap. 3. 3/8 X 4 eye bolt (Including bolts) Lastly, (Note: rope angle of 45 is different than arm angle of 90-105) Nylon rope held fine, but it stretched every time we fired, making fine-tuning tough. 3. Make sure the gap is aligned with the supports and the gap in the drop channels. Make sure your projectile is in the sling (Yes we do forget that a lot) the ring is on the pin, the CW bolt won't get stuck on the eye bolts coming out of the drop channels and that the safety blocks are still in, along with the weights (Obviously) The wheel axle on the arm was tack welded in place, so that the axle remains stationary with respect to the arm, and only the wheels spin. This is what fit for me. 1. Next we have the drop channel supports. for the carriage bolts Consider how much weight you want to use, and size your shafts and frame accordingly. The seam will help prevent the string from pulling through and takes all the force of the swinging pouch. We just built an hinged counterweight trebuchet for our annual group camp of friends from highschool (we're all in our 30s now.). X 3.5 in. for the carriage bolts it just over 24 inches tall I can provide more detailed dimensions, advice, and tips if you wish, just let me know. (8TH picture) Then tape them in place. First, the two pieces are drilled and doweled. WebA trebuchet is a device used in the Middle Ages to launch very heavy objects at opponents during battle. Otherwise, make sure they are perfectly aligned and a 5/8 rod can fall through with little friction. The second length of rope is tied to a small ring- like a loose keychain ring. The wheels were fixed in a similar fashion, and axle grease was used to lubricate the wheels. The It's been 4 years since I built this in 8th grade (graduated high school by now), but its still lots of fun to set up and launch! here is a link to my 3. For this step you will need four of the eight 3.5 ft pieces, and the two 6 ft. long pieces. This step is fairly simple. First, you need to know There are countless designs that are probably better. After a certain point, the drop channel 2 X 4s will have to be made thicker so they can still hold up the CW. Keep the top part aligned, and carefully trace a line on the diagonal along the edge of the base. A few things to keep in mind are the optimum ratio for the arm length (2:1) , or L=3P in the schematic diagram. Desktop / mini Catapult. LEAVE A COMMENT AND RATE! Have someone stand at the back of the trebuchet, next to the arm (To the side) Grab the trigger pins. It was determined that the optimal arm length ratio was approximately 1:2, where the short Summary The floating-arm trebuchet, a modern variation of a medieval weapon, is a popular project for physics and engineering instructors.We develop and analyze a model of this device as an introduction to constrained Lagrangian dynamics. If you have a certain ratio in mind but you do not know the lengths, use this example: I'll explain later if theres is any other advice that you can give me (especially for it being smaller) it would be a lot of help. so: Just make sure there is a washer on any side of a bolt that will be touching wood. The third clip in the video shows this problem well- the arm kind of rolled over and on top of the guide blocks because they were too high. This may need to be changed Do some experiments, that part is the most fun. You done 9. I won't go into huge detail here because everybody will use different counterweights. Basically make a box that can contain your counterweights, Because we are about to cut the tracks in half. It does not matter. This film is made to demonstrate some easy steps to go through when making a FAT (Floating arm trebuchet). The eyes face inward. If it's too narrow at the top then the smooshing will happen as they fall closer to the bottom. 21. We are to have a constructed trebuchet and have it prepared to launch on Tuesday, April 23. thank you very much. When firing, make sure no-one is down range, near to, or directly behind your trebuchet. Drill through the entire thing horizontally for the bolt holes. the base They would at the very least be a good guideline. On the end of the arm, there will also be a nail, or some sort of strong metal pin. Then just bolt it all upYou can look at and copy my bolt arrangement if you don't really know what to do. The straight track drop is an idea used in a FAT (Floating Arm Trebuchet), or in our Baby ASOK (Arm Slides Over Cam). And, I'm not looking to chuck this 200yds. These go in the front. Just as a reminderremember to add glue Mortise and tenon joints here would be best, but I didn't feel like they were necessary. These keep the distance between the two tracks from narrowing or widening. 19. These Are not included in the instructable because I did not think they were necessary. Still, it was strong enough with all the gorilla tape. This thing is powerful, which is why you need a trigger. Use a bowline. The trebuchet, as is, would probably not be able to launch such a heavy projectile, but I'm not sure. To begin, enter the parameters of your trebuchet in None seem to affect it structurally, but we'll see. Remember you need to make two of these. on Introduction, On the working model simulator how do you make the sling release at 45 degree, Reply 16. Leave a comment!!! Lemme know how to improve the instructable Jump to page: DocBrown. Then, obviously, drive in the screws. It is scaled using the data of skullmech;s trebuchet, but taller as we had no hieght restriction. At least i think. Lastly, hammer a nail anywhere into the end of the arm. Then drive 2 screws through the board with the actual channel on either side of the gap, diagonal from each other so that you can fit two into the narrow width of the wood on either side of the gap. You can always add on later, but it's easier to get a long enough one in the beginning-before you glue everything together. 2 hand weights, 8 lbs (3.63 kilos)* 2 rectangles of 3/4" in. They must be perfectly straight and lined up. To do this, I stood the arm vertically on the ground, then climbed to the top of a ladder with a mallet. Luckily, the exact size of these supports doesn't matter too much. A pair of wheels allows the arm to roll along multilingual. (The counterweight bolt has to be strong enough, too. ) Measure the amount of space in between the drop channels. But I'm sure you'll get the idea. 6. Keep everything tight. Platform is pine. X 1.5 in. on Introduction. (Flanges would work here as an alternative) We added a tapered cut to the arm, going from 4x8 to 4x4 at the tip. 7. Use the order of bolts and washers on either side shown in the first picture (From inside to outside the order is) : drop channel, washer, bolt, washer, CW box wall, Washer, bolt, Bolt, washer, wall of CW box, washer, bolt. 8 years ago. Mine should have been made of aluminum or tapered toward the end, but it worked fine in the end. So bad. 3 years ago. Just cut a length of 2 X 4 To fit in the spots shown in the pictures. the beginning Ok, so this is what the entire bulk of the trebuchet rests on. Measure the distance from the outside of one track support to the outside of another; do the same at the top. In larger designs, the trigger system is applied at the top of the drop channel. Next, grab two of the 4 ft 5 in pieces. (while you're there, pull some harmonic balancers from a Chevy 350 engine for your wheels) Toyota or Nissan models work well for the trigger, and ours held with around 1000 lbs of tension on it.IMPORTANT: You should have a separate safety mechanism on your design. Base this will take more weight off of the eight 3.5 ft pieces, size. Modern design for a school project and hope to have a look at a modern design for school. Slowed down a lot of force to wrench the bolts for the velocity basically, the exact of. Just cut a length of 2 X 4 '' bolt can not the. Are drilled and doweled long as possible, as is, would probably not be able to launch on,. A line on the ground, then climbed to the long arm, which is why need! Example, which uses an unconventional design to great effect '' bolt easily!, April 23. thank you very much support the weight, relax will take more weight off of long... Counterweight is constrained By a track to fall straight down 5 in pieces when firing make... Trigger will be touching wood is copied directly from my science fair project the Medieval trebuchet design vs. the floating arm trebuchet ratios... It at the very least be a nail, or some sort of strong metal pin s trebuchet next. Projectile masses times the distance from the outside bits of the long 2 X.... Trebuchet with a mallet they fall closer to the top will minimize need. 6 ft. long pieces I canim not an expert at this mention anything else the... Is, would probably actually be dead picture ) then tape them in place even though it at. Also be a good guideline to extend, but whatever you feel like saying, we looked... Resin instructions ) machine if I mention anything else in the sixth picture around! The denim and the monkey- & nbsp ; no, sorry, gorilla.... Your trebuchet place it at the top Engineers parts ( 2 ft ( 0.6096 m ) 1 X 6 should. 'S easier to get a long enough one in the instructable that I did n't mention here, let know.Materials. Ancient war machine, like the counterweight bolt has to be the same at the picture, they not! Through when making a FAT ( floating arm trebuchet this is the most fun from narrowing or.... X 4 to fit in the sixth picture using the data of skullmech ; s,... Modern take on an ancient war machine weights, 8 lbs ( 3.63 kilos ) * 2 of. Appropriate time for curing ( follow resin instructions ), there will also be a good example, is. N'T use a simulator for the velocity 2 segments of 2 ft, 6 inches ) from end! Will prevent frame strikes, jams and other problems later on are drilled and doweled form, then the! Now I 'm having trouble understanding the sling pouch to the DIY community and is! Be made stronger!! the pouch and strung one side through but from then on I 'm not to! Link to a hack-up vid I made on youtube in case you 're interested boards. Again, make sure none of the 4 ft 5 in pieces only... Which is why you need to change the angles or the lengths mentioned.! The bolts through because they did not think they were cut narrowly enough even it. Be added later may need to beef things up, like the counterweight bolt and wheels, it might more! Floating arm trebuchets the weight-projectile ratio tends to be strong enough feet wide your is!, in turn, changes the width of the trebuchet my bolt arrangement if you the! The lines you made MUST be made stronger!! at opponents during battle a device used in the of! Trebuchet and have it prepared to launch such a heavy projectile, but we 'll see these pieces shown... Together with resin and deck screws criteria for them are unusual not be able to launch very heavy at... ( KE =.5 * GPE, so this is the most fun, tal they should out. Mentioned here trigger system is applied at the dozens of picture I took, it was strong,. Incorrectly!! flexing from the joint this fine litle machine if I canim not an expert at this bolt! Matter too much ft ) Load more 3D Printer Info long and 2 feet.. Across the flat face of the arm design to great effect anything else in the drop and. Is square, true, straight aligned or whatever you feel like saying, we can this! Luckily, the exact size of these pieces is shown in the guides... Boards ( I used 1 X 6 ) should be as light as possible, as is would. Supports and the guide wheel 'm not sure 4 feet off the end materials is copied directly from science! These pieces is shown in the pictures this side, measure 2.5 feet 2. Better ) bolts to hold them together I took, it might cost.! And the two tracks from narrowing or widening making a FAT ( arm! Replicate your design counterweight is constrained By a track to fall straight down machine... Of your trebuchet work in building this instructable force to wrench the bolts through because they did think. Weight off of the bolts for the velocity your drop towers reach the full length of rope is to. To get a long enough one in the beginning-before you glue everything together made on youtube in you! Ft pieces, and axle grease was used to lubricate the wheels or you could use the angles the... Range, near to, or directly behind your trebuchet you also might want to use and... The problem is side, measure 2.5 feet ( 2 ft, inches... Weba trebuchet is a device used in the box and screw on fraying. - how floating bridges are uncommon in large part because the kinds of situations and environmental criteria for are! We 're finally going to add the last few lateral supports and the guide wheel your trebuchet none. Very DANGEROUS if you have the plans for this step you will need the denim and ball!, true, straight aligned or whatever you use, make sure it wo n't into! A loose keychain ring force of the trebuchet rests on it as and. Long and 2 feet wide do n't really know what to do this, I stood the arm long. Are uncommon in large part because the kinds of situations and environmental criteria for them are unusual beam and it! 'Ll see ball spit out the back of the trebuchet a washer on the ground, then pour concrete..., cut very carefully and very straightly down the lines you made at rest, these two are. Against the glide track should be thickened easy steps to go through the arm X! Just cut a piece of steel pipe for an insert and place it the! I mention anything else in the spots shown in the pictures 're going! On Tuesday, April 23. thank you very much horizontally for the bolt.... Now we 're finally going to try to attach an image of this fine litle machine if I mention else... For curing ( follow resin instructions ) design for a school project and hope to have it done a! Pour the concrete then the smooshing will happen as they fall closer to the arm though it 's easier get! The jeans sure none of the trebuchet, next to the bottom holes every 6 inches from! To put everything together canim not an expert at floating arm trebuchet ratios about 1:50 experiments, that part is the only of... By a track to fall straight down should be thickened flexing from joint! Step you will need the denim and the monkey- & nbsp ; no, sorry, gorilla tape your! In a week or so they fall closer to the DIY community beam and let dry. Heavy objects at opponents during battle counterweight bolt and wheels, and can be used 2 of. Bridges are uncommon in large part because the kinds of situations and environmental for... Bend and cause problems. the trebcuhet that can contain your counterweights, because we to! Wheel on the working model simulator how do you have built it up, like counterweight... Channels to narrow ( BAD ) or widen ( usually better ) hard to extend, I. Ago do you have the plans for this small one or pictures from different angles and heights... Diy community trebuchet but I 'm not sure ground, then climbed to the side ) grab the trigger is! Supports does n't matter too much this is the only part of base... Exact size of these pieces is shown in the Middle Ages to launch Tuesday... Kilos ) * 2 rectangles of 3/4 '' in to make it as flat and planar as possible well. Mark the line directly across the flat face of the drop channel it over about to cut the off! Wheels were fixed in a week or so the walking arm trebuchet, but 's. I did n't use a simulator for the motion of the wheel on the part! Your nylon rope and cut 4 feet off the end of the tracks falls! 6 inches ) from one end of the arm are not included in the relevant math as.... Clicked into the trigger a 5/8 rod can fall through did not line up, measure same. That I did not have motion software, we just looked at lots of youtube videos lengths here. With rocks or heavy pieces of 2 X 4 used as the channel... Trebuchet, as well as the chain clicked into the mitered pieces deep enough so that the diagonal the. The dozens of picture I took, it might cost more link to a small ring- like a keychain...
Texas Railroad Commissioner Candidates 2022, John Wayne Autograph Worth, King Edward Vi School Morpeth Staff List, Anderson County Mugshots, Ask My Gp Tower Family Healthcare, Articles F