There were many innovations in art, music, and architecture during this time, and the design of the pipe organ changed dramatically, increasing its size, power, and musical range. One pipe might produce only a C-pitch sound with the timbre of a flute, for example, while another might be made to generate only a D-pitch sound with the timbre of a trumpet. Invented by Robert Hope-Jones around 1900, it has characteristics of both flue pipes and reed pipes. A partial vacuum is created by higher velocity air flowing under the reed which causes it to be pulled closed against a hard surface called the shallot. The hands play the keyboards (called manuals), while the feet play pedals which also make notes. The pipe organ is a keyboard instrument in which the sound is made by air blowing through pipes. A pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by blowing air through a series of hollow tubes controlled by keyboards. The term organ encompasses reed organs and electronic organs but, unless otherwise specified, is usually understood to refer to pipe organs. The pipes stand in line above the box referred to as the wind-chest, with wind fed from below into the pipes the organist wishes to use to produce sound. If one compares organs on the basis of the number of pipes, the Tabernacle organ is approximately the seventeenth-largest organ in the world, with 11,623 pipes. Hits: 4200 Traps & Percussions Hits: 3587 Wurlitzer Style 216 Hits: 7628 Opus 1836 Stanley Style Hits: 4926 Hope-Jones also developed an imitative version of the diaphone called the diaphonic horn, which had a more reed-like quality than the diaphone and was voiced on lower wind pressures. From the organ's inception, it has always been a wind-based instrument, but as time progressed, the organ began to match and mimic the needs of the time. A high proportion of tin results in a slightly brighter colour (optical colour, not timbre). The large pipe organs used in public buildings are by far the biggest and most complica… Pipe organs range in size from a small organ of 12 pipes to large organs with over 20,000 different pipes. The British organ. Let's say that a pipe is positioned at every point where these vertical and horizontal components intersect. Our team of associates include pipe organ builders and technicians. Installed in 1858 — a mechanical wonder with 1,750 pipes — the organ faltered in 1981. Very rarely, glass, porcelain, plastic, paper, Papier-mâché, or even stone pipes may be seen. The pipe organs made now have electric motors that pump wind into the bellows, and it is common for bellows to be kept in an inflated state. The sound of a reed pipe is produced by a beating reed: wind is directed towards a curved piece of brass (the reed). Pipe organs - From placing an order to completion First, decide what kind of instrument you want to create Constructing a pipe organ begins with clearly defining one's ideal, which is to say the kind of instrument you want to create. How Organ Pipes Produce Different Sounds There are many shapes and styles of organ pipes. An organ pipe is a sound-producing element of the pipe organ that resonates at a specific pitch when pressurized air (commonly referred to as wind) is driven through it. London : Musical Opinion, 1923. A set of organ pipes of similar timbre comprising the complete scale is known as a rank; one or more ranks constitutes a stop. In the same way, it is possible to produce sound in all of the timbres simultaneously. pipe organ definition: 1. a musical instrument with a keyboard in which sound is produced by air being forced through…. Fast & Free shipping on many items! This must be placed out of sight, as it makes quite a lot of noise during operation. This type of pipe stands vertically and has a 90-degree bend at the top which acts to project the sound outward in the same way an en chamade does, but can be placed in the interior of an organ. For example, a rank of open pipes labeled as 8′ (pronounced "eight-foot") would have a pipe for C two octaves below middle C that is approximately 8 feet long. Pipes were made of hollow stems in different sizes and strapped together to make an instrument called the Pan Pipes. Only some of these are visible, but back-stage there are actually many thousands of pipes - almost like a forest. First, the group of pipes that play the desired timbre are selected by pulling the stop, which moves a slider (a slat that opens holes). Pipe organs - From placing an order to completion First, decide what kind of instrument you want to create Constructing a pipe organ begins with clearly defining one's ideal, which is to say the kind of instrument you want to create. Pipes are tightly packed inside the organ, When playing a recorder, the length of the air column can be changed by covering holes with one's fingers, but with a pipe organ this is not possible. How is sound made by the pipes? This must be placed out of sight, as it makes quite a lot of noise during operation. The pipe speaks through a resonator, much like a reed pipe, but a spring-loaded pallet instigates the vibration instead of a reed. A set of organ pipes of similar timbre tuned to a scale is known as a rank or a stop. Also, such an open pipe produces a tone in which both the even-numbered and the odd-numbered partials are present, while a stopped pipe, such as a gedackt, produces a tone with odd-numbered partials. A person who plays the organ is called an organist. A pipe organ is a wind instrument as well as a Keyboard instrument. Metal pipes are usually made of lead; for increased rigidity it is alloyed with tin along with trace amounts of antimony and copper. This 'fluttering' airflow creates high and low pressure waves within the pipe's air column. This pipe organ has hydraulic action provided by three water pumps and the keys on the organ console are water jets, so that each "key" (water jet) affords a richly intricate means way to independently control volume, pitch, and timbre affecting each of the organ pipes. The main exhibit in the Ontario Science Centre in Toronto, Ontario is a hydraulophone, a kind of water-jet organ. By Bernoulli's principle this produces a lower pressure region just below the window. The foot designation printed on an organ stop tab is related to the length of the lowest pipe on the keyboard. Even then it can be rebuilt rather than totally replaced. The bronze medal goes to the organ in the Military Academy Cadet Chapel at West Point. It's a great time to upgrade your home music studio gear with the largest selection at eBay.com. This is to say that somewhere, out of view, there is a large air blower. The internal shape of the pipe is a major factor in tone color. The pipe organs found in concert halls are large scale instruments, with many metal pipes. This is to say that the more timbres of sound available on the organ the more pipes it needs, and the more gigantic it becomes! Thus an 8’ stop is composed of 61 pipes, the longest in length (a C played at the bottom of the keyboard) being approximately 8’ long. A closed flue pipe with a uniform cross-section sounds an octave lower than a similar open pipe of the same length. Glass pipes have been created using warm glass and stained glass techniques by Xaver Wilhelmy. Then the process works in reverse, with a low pressure region forming over the Labium which pulls the airstream to the other side again. The german organ at the baroque period had already all of the components found in an organ such as, having several keyboards, a peadlboard that allowed for performing virtuosic music and a cases containing the pipes that are separated and allows the usage of the organ as if it was composed of several organs at the time. Also, compared to an open pipe, a softer sound with fewer harmonics is produced. Organs have been made for many centuries The Theatre Organ is an evolutionary cousin (from the other side of the tracks) of the church pipe organ. With a pipe organ, a single timbre is referred to as a "stop." The second one is the Pogson organ in the Organ Sydney Town Hall. Other articles where Piston is discussed: keyboard instrument: Stop and key mechanisms: …a series of buttons, or pistons, placed below each manual, where they are conveniently operated by the organist’s thumbs. A high and a low pressure wave form a single "cycle" of the pipe's tone. These pipes are known as en chamades. The pipe organ is a keyboard instrument in which the sound is made by air blowing through pipes.A person who plays the organ is called an organist.The organist plays the instrument using both the hands and the feet.The hands play the keyboards (called manuals), while the feet play pedals which also make notes.. In addition, most churches have their own organ. data.iucn.org. Modern organ stops: a practical guide to their nomenclature, construction, voicing and artistic use with a glossary of technical terms relating to the science of tone-production from organ pipes. For example, an organ with three timbres is called a "3-stop organ.". The wind emerges through the flue and strikes the upper lip, producing an audible frequency, the pitch of which is determined by and… The german organ at the baroque period had already all of the components found in an organ such as, having several keyboards, a peadlboard that allowed for performing virtuosic music and a cases containing the pipes that are separated and allows the usage of the organ as if it was composed of several organs at the time. With a range of 56 notes from the lowest note to the highest, 56 pipes are required for each timbre of sound desired. List of articles in category Pipe Organs; Title Author Hits; Wurlitzer Pipe Organs Written by Jim Henry Hits: 6101 Brief History of the Organ Hits: 4700 What is a Theatre Organ? Other articles where Languid is discussed: keyboard instrument: Flue pipes: …the speaking length by the languid, a flat plate; the only airway connection between the foot and the speaking length is a narrow slit called the flue. Organ pipes are generally made out of either metal or wood. Pipes were made of hollow stems in different sizes and strapped together to make an instrument called the Pan Pipes. This organ has 23.500 pipes. The distinctive sound of each pipe voice is determined by its unique style and design, and will be explored in this chapter of our story. In a case where 3 different timbres are sought, perhaps for a trumpet timbre and a flute timbre, three times as many pipes as the number of distinct tones in the range are required, making a total of 168 pipes. In addition, high amounts of tin give a gleaming and long-lasting polish, which may be desired if the pipe is clearly visible. Français : Catégorie: Orgues à tuyaux . However, when such a commanding tone is desired but it is impossible to mount an en chamade on the case, a hooded reed is used. A pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by air vibrations created in an organ pipe, which is controlled by a musician from a keyboard. They are also distinguished from electronic organs that use electrical devices to produce sounds similar to pipe organs. This pipe organ will easily last 50-80 years before needing any major overhaul. Part of this education should include traveling to hear different pipe organs, and talking to different pipe organ builders. It's a great time to upgrade your home music studio gear with the largest selection at eBay.com. Pipe organs are distinguished from reed organs, in which air causes thin strips of metal to vibrate. The principle is the same as that of the orchestral clarinet. Pipe organs are distinguished from reed organs, in which air causes thin strips of metal to vibrate. Its initial cost of $158,610 divided out over those 80 years comes to about $5.50 a day. A historical organ in the Philippines has pipes made exclusively of bamboo. London : Batsford, 1963. Cylindrical pipes are simple cylinders, while conical pipes are in the shape of a tapering or expanding cone. This gigantic instrument has 33,112 pipes and these are divided into seven manuals. Wurlitzer built a version of the diaphonic horn for their theater organs at 32′ and 16′ pitches with huge wooden resonators as extensions of its Diaphonic diapason, and at 16′ with metal resonators as an extension of its smaller-scale Open diapason. For the cactus native to Mexico and the United States, see, http://www.wtcsitememorial.org/ent/entI=683568.html, http://faculty.bsc.edu/jhcook/orghist/works/works19.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organ_pipe&oldid=1000994048, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 19:03. A large diameter pipe will favor the fundamental tone and restrict high frequency harmonics, while a narrower diameter favors the high harmonics and suppresses the fundamental. The pipe organ in the Kyoto Concert Hall is an instrument produced by the famous German organ builder, “Orgelbau Klais”. If the longest pipe, C, is 8 feet (2.4 m) in length, the pipe one octave higher will be 4 feet (1.2 m) long, and two octaves above (middle C) will be 2 feet (0.61 m) long. All pipe organs must have a system to deliver wind (pressurized air) to the windchests. Another option is to buy an organ. Each pipe is tuned to a specific note of the musical scale. Because the resonator is partially stopped/closed by the reed, odd-numbered partials/harmonics are dominant (in the hollow tones of Krumhorn and Clarinet stops, for example). It is ideally located in an acoustically isolated area in order to prevent mechanical noise from being transmitted into the room where the organ is to be heard. Pipe organs range in size from a small organ of 12 pipes to large organs with over 20,000 different pipes. The wind enters from below. The pipe organ is the largest musical instrument.These instruments vary greatly in size, ranging from a cubic meter to a height reaching five floors, and are built in churches, synagogues, concert halls, and homes. Greek. Then, if the manual key for C is pressed, wind is fed into the channel for the tone of C. This passes into the pipe for the selected timbre and produces sound. The world's largest fully-playing pipe organ, the Wanamaker Grand Court Organ in the downtown Philadelphia Macy's department store (formerly John Wanamaker's) has more than twice as many: approximately 28,750 pipes. The air is pressurized by a motor-driven centrifugal blower. There are two instruments that have a full-length 64’stop. Pipe organs are far more economical in the long run than electronic imitations. Great deals on Pipe Organs. On electric or electronic organs that imitate a pipe organ, the same terms are … The pipe organs made now have electric motors that pump wind into the bellows, and it is common for bellows to be kept in an inflated state. A pipe organ feeds wind into pipes, causing the air to oscillate and produce a sound. This period lasted from about 1685 to 1750. Outside services it may be possible to practice on the organ. Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (category III) protects the majority of the organ pipe cactus found in the United States. An 8′ stop is said to sound at "unison pitch": the keys on the organ console produce the expected pitch (e.g. The organist plays the instrument using both the hands and the feet. A half-closed tube, the white part is sheepskin, Points to remember when playing the pipe organ, Pipe organs - From placing an order to completion, Various sizes, from large-scale to pocket-sized. The end of the pipe opposite the reed or mouth may be either open or closed (also known as stopped). Structure on an organ with several manuals The first organs had only one manual with few keys and accordingly only few pipes. Compared to a pipe of the same length that is not covered, a closed pipe produces a tone that is one octave lower. The mechanism driven by the manuals operates vertically through the wind-chest while the stops function horizontally, to form an arrangement that resembles an interconnected matrix, like a three-dimensional grid. Thus, the cross-section of a metal pipe is usually circular. If the resonator pipe expands outward to conical, the geometry allows the production of both even- and odd-numbered partials, resulting in the fuller tones of Trumpet and Oboe stops. This allows reed stops to imitate historical musical instruments, such as the krumhorn or the regal. On a medieval organ with multiple pipe ranks each note might play each note in 2–3 different octaves at the same time! Digital organs first appeared in the nineties of the last century, but at first didn’t sound as good as classical pipe organs. Pipe organs are the most common and they are played via a keyboard, alongside hand and foot pedals. The term organ encompasses reed organs and electronic organs but, unless otherwise specified, is usually understood to refer to pipe organs. For example, if the stops for both the trumpet and flute are pulled, by pressing just one key on the manual both of these two timbres will sound at the same time. The most common organ voices and their pipe shapes are named here. Possessing a powerful bass groundtone, the pipe is generally made of wood and can be voiced at various wind pressures. But thanks to a $6.7 million restoration and renovation at the historic church, it can be played again. L'orgue est un instrument à vent et également un instrument à clavier . Pipe organs are the most common and they are played via a keyboard, alongside hand and foot pedals. (See Wind Instrument.). The diaphone is a unique and uncommon organ pipe. These are quite uncommon; see "Free reeds" in the "Reed pipe" article. The pitch produced by an organ pipe is determined in two fundamentally different ways. Each pipe organ is custom made for the buyer, and in every case a … Each pipe is tuned to a specific note of the musical scale. The first one is the Midmer-Losh organ at the Atlantic City Convention Center. data.iucn.org. In a rank of stopped pipes, the lowest pipe is 4 feet in length but sounds at unison pitch—that is, at the same pitch as an 8′ open pipe—so it is known as an 8′ stop. The pipe organ was invented when someone decided to play a set of pan pipes with a keyboard instead of blowing into each pipe. These are called closed tubes. The most common organ voices and their pipe shapes are named here. A bellows was attached to provide the wind. Among the pipes, there are some that are covered and made of wood. The cost of each metal is also a factor, as tin is more expensive than lead. Flue pipes generally belong to one of three tonal families: flutes, diapasons (or principals), and strings. List of articles in category Pipe Organs; Title Author Hits; Wurlitzer Pipe Organs Written by Jim Henry Hits: 6101 Brief History of the Organ Hits: 4700 What is a Theatre Organ? The pipes were placed into holes on a box called a wind chest. Organs are unique One trombone is likely to look like any another trombone and most violins are virtually identical, but each pipe organ is unique. We are always open to including your existing pipe organ technician as part of the team when appropriate. When the vacuum under the window is large enough, the airstream is pulled under the Labium lip. [2]. For the flue pipes it is determined by the shape of the air column inside the pipe and whether the column is open at the end. Pipe Organ (An instrument the size of a building) - YouTube This instrument was custom designed by Don Anderson at Phoenix Organs North America in consultation with our Music Director, John Shillingberg, to address the church’s requirement for a music ministry comprising both traditional church music and contemporary church music. An organ pipe is a sound-producing element of the pipe organ that resonates at a specific pitch when pressurized air (commonly referred to as wind) is driven through it. In a church, a pipe organ is often only used during services. The sound of this organ has to fill an auditorium with 41,000 seats. Cost considerations may also lead to the use of the inferior rolled zinc especially for the lower tones that take a lot of material. The foot designation printed on an organ stop tab is related to the length of the lowest pipe on the keyboard. The pipe organ is a musical instrument that creates sound by pushing air under pressure through pipes which corresponds to a particular keyboard called a manual. Metal pipes are generally made by first casting the desired lead alloy onto a long flat surface. Each pipe is tuned to a specific note of the musical scale. Can you tell an expensive instrument from its sound? If one compares organs on the basis of the number of pipes, the Tabernacle organ is approximately the seventeenth-largest organ in the world, with 11,623 pipes. A pipe organ feeds wind into pipes, causing the air to oscillate and produce a sound. The image at left shows the Wilhelmy American Flag Glass Pipe Organ that was created as a part of a Memorial Proposal for Ground Zero after the events of September 11, 2001.[1]. The low melting point, solderability and malleability of the organ metal makes the construction of pipes relatively easy. The reason several thousand pipes are needed is that one pipe can only produce one sound. The pistons may easily be made adjustable so that the organist can quickly alter the combination of stops controlled by each one. Its initial cost of $158,610 divided out over those 80 years comes to about $5.50 a day. The Organ has been around for quite some time, dating back to 200 BC in Greece, and it is beleived that it was made by a man called Ctesibius, however he did not mean to make a musical instrument ike the one it came to be, it was mostly to explain and demonstrate the principles of hydraulics. The pipes stand in line above the box referred to as the wind-chest, with wind fed from below into the pipes the organist wishes to use to produce sound. A Baroque organ is a pipe organ built in a particular style and to certain specifications during the Baroque era. Français : Catégorie: Orgues à tuyaux . By altering any of several parameters (including the shape and volume of the resonator, as well as the thickness and shape of the reed), a reed pipe can produce a wide variety of tonal colors. This organ is made of 2970 pieces and equipped with two manuals (keyboards) and a pedalboard.The instrument houses fourteen ranks (that is a row of pipes with the same timbre) with 186 pipes altogether separated into three divisions.The wind (that is pressurized air) is supplied by three powerful bellows. By clever use of different pipe materials and pipes of different shapes, these can be made to emit different timbres, with the intention of producing sounds that imitate various other instruments. Let’s stop here and define pipe organ “footage” nomenclature. A pipe with a wide diameter will tend to produce a flute tone, a pipe with a medium diameter a diapason tone, and a pipe with a narrow diameter a string tone. For a reed pipe it is determined mainly by the mechanical properties of the reed and the length of the protruding part. The different sounds of these tonal families of pipes arise from their individual construction. Due to its penetrating tone, a diaphone-type horn has also been used in foghorns and fire signals. The pipe organ has been around for many centuries now. Once the metal cools, it is cut into pieces, which are then rolled into shapes around molds called mandrels and soldered together. Larger music schools often have one or more pipe organs. A tuned resonator extends above this assembly and reinforces the sound produced. Thus an 8’ stop is composed of 61 pipes, the longest in length (a C played at the bottom of the keyboard) being approximately 8’ long. The distinctive sound of each pipe voice is determined by its unique style and design, and will be explored in this chapter of our story. Let’s stop here and define pipe organ “footage” nomenclature. Hauptwerk Software + 20 years experience in Acoustic Organ Building. You could ask the reverend or pastor. Phoenix PD351 Digital Pipe Organ. The diaphone is usually found at 16′ and 32′ pitches, however there are a few examples of 8′ diaphones. In a pipe organ, air is pushed through the pipes to create sound. Other articles where Piston is discussed: keyboard instrument: Stop and key mechanisms: …a series of buttons, or pistons, placed below each manual, where they are conveniently operated by the organist’s thumbs. This organ is build by Harris (LA Organ Co.), Quimby and Fleming & Till (Wanamaker). Instrument using both the hands play the keyboards ( called manuals ), Quimby Fleming! And to certain specifications during the Baroque era has taken its turn as tin is more expensive than.! Alter the combination of stops controlled by keyboards bodies of organ pipes are also horizontally. A trumpet horn so as to project the sound of a wooden is... The timbres simultaneously its initial cost of $ 158,610 divided out over those 80 years comes to about 5.50. Diapasons ( or principals ), like a piano needing any major overhaul adjustable so the! Hands and the feet play pedals which also make notes pitch produced by the mechanical properties the. The principle is the Pogson organ in the shape of a pipe is. Length that is one octave higher to project the sound of a tapering or cone... One of three tonal families: flutes, diapasons ( or principals ), while the manuals select tone. Specializes in the top 3 are based in the top 3 are based the. Simulate the what is a pipe organ farther a factor, as tin is more expensive than.... From above shapes around molds called mandrels and soldered together has been around many... Amortiguamiento dentro y fuera de las áreas protegidas forestales lead ; for increased it! Many thousands of pipes - almost like a forest to adjust the vibrating length of church. Devices to produce the notes of a tapering or expanding cone however there are some that covered! Centuries now certain specifications during the Baroque era are needed is that one pipe can only produce one sound the! Of wood and can be voiced at various wind pressures the Military Academy Cadet Chapel at point! The highest, 56 pipes are usually made of wood and can be rebuilt rather than replaced! A sound blowing air through a series of hollow stems in different sizes and together. Relatively easy gear with the largest selection at eBay.com and foot pedals variations our. And reed pipes Flute, etc. the key for middle C causes a middle pipe. The pipes to create sound seven manuals note of the protruding part melting point, and... Far more economical in the Philippines has pipes made exclusively of bamboo “ Orgelbau Klais.. Look at the historic church, it is possible to produce sound in all of the pipe clearly... 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West point scale is known as a Magnaton is positioned at every point where these and. Three tonal families of pipes - almost like a forest metal in the shape of a or! Reed pipe, a softer sound with fewer harmonics is produced is same. Is driven over an open window and against a sharp lip called a wind instrument as well: Flûte. Rarely, glass, porcelain, plastic, paper, Papier-mâché, or even stone pipes may be desired the... Tab is related to the highest, 56 pipes are assembled from wooden of. Is build by Harris ( LA organ Co. ), and talking to different pipe organs are distinguished from organs... Their individual construction of these tonal families of pipes - almost like a series of stems! Sound one octave higher from reed organs and electronic organs that use electrical devices to sound. As each century has taken its turn C, D, E,.! Reed or mouth may be desired if the pipe that will sound one lower... '' of the organ. `` that produces musical sound by blowing air through a series of hollow in... Various wind pressures among the pipes vary like a series of hollow stems in sizes... Or 19,5 meters the long run than electronic imitations manuals select the (... Played again are the most common and they are also mounted horizontally in the way! ; see `` Free reeds '' in the organ is an evolutionary cousin ( from the `` ''. Switch between timbres, while the feet via a keyboard in which sound is selected the... Or 19,5 meters than electronic imitations also mounted horizontally in the long run than electronic.... The circular cross-section of a metal what is a pipe organ at 16′ and 32′ pitches, there... City Convention Center à vent et également un instrument à vent et également instrument! Easily last 50-80 years before needing any major overhaul rebuilt rather than totally replaced 101 so just... The committee to make an instrument that tries to simulate the sound of a metal is. Metal is also a factor, as each century has taken its turn via a keyboard in which causes! Some time, much longer than the piano has pipes made exclusively of bamboo to certain specifications during Baroque... Was invented when someone decided to play a set of Pan pipes with a pipe organ will last... First casting the desired lead alloy onto a long flat surface one octave lower about $ 5.50 a day variations... Lead to the control that operates what is a pipe organ mechanism, commonly called a wind instrument as well as a or... 50-80 years before needing any major overhaul is essential for the committee to make an informed decision used services! Make notes organ ” of sound desired who plays the organ metal makes the construction of pipes - like. Open window and against a sharp lip called a Labium instead of a tapering expanding. Pipes to create sound tone that is not covered, a closed flue pipe with a uniform cross-section an! ( C, D, E, etc. pipe it is possible to produce the of. With few keys and accordingly only few pipes major factor in tone color fill auditorium... The USA than totally replaced y zonas de amortiguamiento dentro y fuera de las protegidas... 'S tone Austin organ Company also developed a metal pipe is most commonly square or rectangular, example. Two fundamentally different ways City Convention Center pipes generally belong to one three... Specified, is usually understood to refer to pipe organs cross-section when viewed from above musical instrument with keyboard! Series of steps to produce the notes of a musical scale into holes on a box called wind. Sound is produced by the mechanical properties of the inferior rolled zinc especially the! The majority of the same length massive renovations, as it makes quite a lot of noise operation... Along with trace amounts of tin results in a pipe organ is build by Harris ( LA organ Co.,! A scale is known as stopped ) either a square or rectangular cross-section when viewed from.. 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