[133][failed verification] Often controversial, with numerous claims of graft and mismanagement, and with its initial price tag of $2.5 billion increasing to a final tally of over $15 billion, the Big Dig nonetheless changed the face of Downtown Boston. Boston è la città più grande, nel punto più profondo della Baia del Massachusetts, alla foce del fiume Charles. [84], The first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived on the Mayflower[85] at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. [156] Other marine species include Harbor seals, the endangered North Atlantic right whales, as well as humpback whales, fin whales, minke whales, and Atlantic white-sided dolphins. )[78], Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. To the west lies the hilly, rural region of Central Massachusetts, and beyond that, the Connecticut River Valley. [368], Long-distance hiking trails in Massachusetts include the Appalachian Trail, the New England National Scenic Trail, the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail, the Midstate Trail, and the Bay Circuit Trail. In Massachusetts, eleven Program Administrators, including NSTAR, National Grid, Western Massachusetts Electric, Cape Light Compact, Until, and Berkshire Gas, jointly own the rights to this program, in conjunction with the MA Department of Energy Resources (DOER) and the Energy Efficiency Advisory Council (EEAC). Discounts of 75 percent or more are available on these insulation improvements. Italians form the second-largest ethnic group in the state (13.5%), but form a plurality only in some suburbs north of Boston and in a few towns in the Berkshires. "CLT Update: Apr 15, 2005, "We didn't need or want a tax cut—but it's ours now! La sua costa è formata da molte grandi baie distinte. Opens and two Ryder Cups. [93] This established Massachusetts's southern border in the west,[94] though surveying problems resulted in disputed territory until 1803–04. Nel corso del XX secolo, l'economia del Massachusetts è stata spostata dalla produzione ai servizi. Boston University, Northeastern University, UMASS Lowell, and Merrimack College also participate in Division I athletics. GOP Voters Like Trump More Than Their Republican Governors", "Same-sex couples ready to make history in Massachusetts", United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 2008, "Massachusetts voters approve ballot measure to legalize medical marijuana", "Massachusetts issues first marijuana license", "Massachusetts Senate Overrides Veto, Passes Law Expanding Abortion Access", "Information and Historical Data on Cities, Towns, and Counties in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts", Administrative divisions of Massachusetts#The city/town distinction, "Boston's population stays flat, but still ranks as 11th-largest in U.S. (BBJ DataCenter)", "Massachusetts Facts Part One: Concise Facts", "Massachusetts Government: County Government", "UConn Poll: New Englanders & Regional Identity", "Rocking history lesson shows city was in a class by itself", "Boston plans to hold Fourth of July celebrations Thursday", "A Spectator's Guide To The 2015 Boston Marathon", "Nielson Media Research Local Universe Estimates (US)", "US Newspaper—Search Results (Massachusetts)", "About the BU Literary Society and Clarion", "Doctors per 100,000 Resident Population, 2007", "Persons With and Without Health Insurance Coverage by State: 2007", "Here's how your life expectancy varies based on which state you're born in", Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Booziest states in America: Who binge drinks most? [323] Both houses of the legislature have had Democratic majorities since the 1950s. [211], In 2018, Massachusetts's overall educational system was ranked the top among all fifty U.S. states by U.S. News & World Report. Around the shield is a dark blue ribbon with the motto:" By the Sword We Seek Peace, but Peace Only Under Liberty." Massachusetts was founded and settled by Brownist Puritans in 1620[88] and soon after by other groups of Separatists/Dissenters, Nonconformists and Independents from 17th century England. [298] A massive undertaking to bring I-93 underground in downtown Boston, called the Big Dig, brought the city's highway system under public scrutiny for its high cost and construction quality.[132]. Massachusetts State Seal Great Seal of the State of Massachusetts Adopted on December 13, 1780 Official: June 4, 1885. Luglio è il mese più caldo, con medie di circa 22 °C, rispetto ai -3 °C di gennaio, il mese più freddo. [132] It connected areas that were once divided by elevated highway (much of the raised old Central Artery was replaced with the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway), and improved traffic conditions along with several routes.[132][133]. Residents can schedule a remote assessment using the program's website or phone line. [130] Government contracts, private investment, and research facilities led to a new and improved industrial climate, with reduced unemployment and increased per capita income. Most ports north of Cape Cod are served by Boston Harbor Cruises, which operates ferry services in and around Greater Boston under contract with the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. [135] In 1966, Massachusetts became the first state to directly elect an African American to the U.S. senate with Edward Brooke. [86] This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, after the Jamestown Colony. [204], As of 2010, 78.93% (4,823,127) of Massachusetts residents 5 and older spoke English at home as a first language, while 7.50% (458,256) spoke Spanish, 2.97% (181,437) Portuguese, 1.59% (96,690) Chinese (which includes Cantonese and Mandarin), 1.11% (67,788) French, 0.89% (54,456) French Creole, 0.72% (43,798) Italian, 0.62% (37,865) Russian, and Vietnamese was spoken as a primary language by 0.58% (35,283) of the population over 5.
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